In people who have gout, uric acid production in the body is increased while its elimination is reduced. The excess uric acid builds up in the bloodstream, is deposited in the small joints or soft tissues, and causes symptoms that resemble arthritis. Purines are compounds that are mainly found in animal protein and are metabolised to uric acid in the body. A high-purine diet, obesity, regular alcohol consumption, and diuretic therapy can all contribute to elevated uric acid levels in individuals with gout. Preliminary research suggests that insulin resistance may also play a role in the development of gout. A low-purine diet and medications—such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, and allopurinol—are commonly used to treat gout. An effective diet is important in avoiding or reducing complications and lessening the expense of drug treatment. Restricting calorie intake and alcohol consumption, and losing weight (if overweight), can also reduce uric acid levels. It is important to drink plenty of fluids to increase uric acid excretion from the body. Alternative sources of protein should be included in a low-purine diet.